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Income Tax Calculator

The Income Tax Calculator estimates your U.S. federal income tax and effective tax rate using current progressive tax brackets and the standard deduction for your filing status.

How progressive tax brackets work

The U.S. federal income tax system is progressive: each portion of your taxable income is taxed at the rate for its own bracket, not your entire income at one flat rate. Your taxable income is your gross income minus the standard deduction.

Taxable Income = Gross Income − Standard Deduction Tax = Sum of (income in each bracket × that bracket's rate)
Example: A single filer earning $75,000 subtracts the $15,000 standard deduction to get $60,000 in taxable income. That amount is taxed across the 10%, 12%, and 22% brackets, producing roughly $8,114 in federal tax — an effective rate of about 10.8%, even though the top marginal bracket is 22%.

What this doesn't include

This estimate covers federal income tax only — it does not include state income tax, FICA (Social Security and Medicare), pre-tax deductions like 401(k) contributions, tax credits, or itemized deductions. Brackets and deduction amounts are updated periodically and may not reflect the exact current tax year. For a paycheck-level breakdown, see the Salary Calculator.

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